Investigating the TEM Microscope: Principles, Advancements, and Applications
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) is a powerful microscopy technique that enables researchers to obtain detailed information about the composition and morphology of samples. Because of the high-resolution imaging it offers, TEM has become an invaluable method in scientific research across various fields. Throughout this blog post, we will look at TEM microscopes in more detail, including the principles behind their performance, advancements, and key applications.
Principles of TEM Microscopy
TEM is based on similar principles to a light microscope but uses electrons instead of photons. Utilizing electrons allows TEMs to obtain a much higher resolution in their imaging due to the much smaller wavelength compared to light. In a TEM, photons are replaced by electrons, and glass lenses are replaced by electromagnetic lenses. Rather than observing samples through an eyepiece, the images are viewed on a fluorescent screen or captured by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, which is then displayed on a computer screen.
The sample is placed in the middle of the column, and the electrons transmitted through it pass through a series of lenses under the sample, such as projector lenses. This configuration allows for the formation of an image that provides a magnified view of the sample's internal structure.
Advancements in TEM Microscopy
There have been significant advancements in TEM microscopy in recent years, which have led to its current place as an invaluable instrument used in a wide range of scientific applications.
Cryo-EM
Cryo-EM is an easy-to-use electron microscope developed to understand the morphology and tomography of nanoparticles. It also enables the study of proteins and viruses at an atomic level without the need to fix or stain the samples, which plays a crucial role in cancer studies and drug development.1
In situ TEM Techniques
In situ TEM techniques enable real-time observation of structural changes in materials at the nanoscale, which is important in characterization and material design. By producing high-resolution images, scientific experts can observe how materials change under specific loading conditions.3
Applications of TEM Microscopy
TEM microscopy is suitable for a range of scientific disciplines, from life sciences to semiconductor research. In this section, we look at them in more detail.
Catalysis Research
TEM techniques, particularly in situ TEM, are frequently used in catalysis research. They allow researchers to monitor changes to a sample during catalytic processes or synthesis. This is conducted to support the development of improved catalysts for various applications, ranging from energy production to environmental remediation.4
Environmental Sciences
TEM microscopy plays a vital role in environmental sciences, allowing researchers to examine water samples for contaminants and pollutants. Through obtaining images of these particles at the nanoscale, researchers gain deeper insights into their sources, compositions, and potential impacts on ecosystems.
Life Sciences
In the field of life sciences, TEM enables the study of cellular structures, viruses, and proteins at the nanoscale. By visualizing these biological components, researchers can gain insights into their intricate details and functionalities.
Nanotechnology
TEM is used to investigate the properties and structures of nanomaterials, such as quantum dots and nanowires. It allows researchers to analyze the characteristics of these materials at the atomic level, aiding in the development of innovative nanotechnological applications.
Materials Science
TEM microscopy is an important tool in materials science as it is used to analyze crystal structures, dislocations, and grain boundaries in various materials. This information helps researchers understand the properties and behavior of materials, supporting the development of improved materials.5
Semiconductor Research
TEM microscopy is widely used in semiconductor research to study layer growth, composition, and defects in semiconductor materials. The insights gained from TEM analyses contribute to the advancement of semiconductor technology, enabling the production of more efficient and reliable electronic devices.
TEM with JEOL, USA.
Transmission electron microscopy is a versatile and powerful microscopy technique that provides valuable insights into the inner structure of samples at the atomic level. With advancements like in situ TEM techniques and cryo-EM, TEM continues to evolve and expand its applications in various scientific disciplines.
At JEOL, we have developed the
CRYO ARM™ 300, a state-of-the-art cryo-TEM that provides high-stability hardware and software for cryo-EM using single particle analysis workflows. The system features an automated specimen exchange system, including a cooled specimen stage and cryo-storage device, enabling efficient loading, retrieval, and long-term storage of frozen-hydrated specimens. With its superior resolution, the CRYO ARM™ 300 can routinely determine structures to better than 2Å on a 300 kV microscope.
Contact a member of JEOL today to learn more about transmission electron microscopy and its applications.