Polymers are used in a wide range of fields such as food wrapping materials, medicine packing, and industrial materials and products. Properties and functionalities of polymer materials are dependent on various factors, including molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, molecular chemical structures (primary structures), morphology of molecular chains (secondary structures) depending on the spinning angles of chemical bonds, and crystalline or non-crystalline structures of inner-molecules and inter-molecules, as well as spherulite structure aggregates, phase separation structures and orientations (higher-order structures). It is of prime importance to analyze and evaluate the structures and properties of polymers as well as the correlation between these two factors, and to feed these analysis and evaluation results to the development and manufacturing sites for the enhancement of the performance and quality control of polymer materials and polymer products. On the other hand, industry in Japan is supported by functional molecules, which are becoming more advanced and more complicated. This makes it more difficult to characterize such polymers, thereby increasing the importance of multiple analyses that combine a variety of analytical methods. This Polymer note introduces a broad range of instruments used for polymer analysis and their applications.